University of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320The Role of Digital Skills in Promoting Online Privacy Literacy of Undergraduate Students at Razi UniversityThe Role of Digital Skills in Promoting Online Privacy Literacy of Undergraduate Students at Razi University730206810.22091/stim.2021.7113.1611FAZohreAziziPhD. Student, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-5641-5286SalehRahimiAssociate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0001-6540-9825VakilAhmadiAssistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.0000-0003-0424-4769Journal Article20210704<strong>Purpose</strong>: In the age of the internet and with students' growing reliance on this interactive medium, coupled with the rise in cybercrimes that infringe upon individuals' privacy, online privacy literacy can serve as a crucial tool in mitigating such harms online. Several factors can contribute to enhancing this literacy. This study seeks to investigate the impact of digital skills on enhancing online privacy literacy among undergraduate students at Razi University in Kermanshah.
<strong>Method</strong>: The present research is of an applied type and was conducted using a survey method<br />The statistical population includes 7774 undergraduate students of Razi University in Kermanshah in 2018-2019. The sample size was determined to be 366 people using Morgan's table through a stratified random sampling method. Researcher-developed online privacy literacy and digital skills questionnaires were utilized to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed through content validity methods and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Additionally, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the findings using SPSS software version 24.
<strong>Findings</strong>: The results showed that the online privacy literacy level of undergraduate students is lower than average. However, the students' digital skills level is moderate. Additionally, based on data analysis, digital skills have an impact factor of 0.49 on knowledge of the performance of online service providers, 0.29 on knowledge of information protection laws, 0.51 on knowledge of technical aspects of online privacy, 0.51 on technical skills, 0.40 on social skills, and 0.61 on the overall online privacy literacy scale. The study concludes that as digital skills increase, online privacy literacy and all its components also improve.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Due to the effectiveness of digital skills in enhancing online privacy literacy to uphold privacy on the Internet, it is imperative to provide the essential training and implement measures to enhance students' digital skills. This will elevate their security levels while using the Internet, consequently reducing numerous privacy risks and challenges they may encounter.
<strong>Purpose</strong>: In the age of the internet and with students' growing reliance on this interactive medium, coupled with the rise in cybercrimes that infringe upon individuals' privacy, online privacy literacy can serve as a crucial tool in mitigating such harms online. Several factors can contribute to enhancing this literacy. This study seeks to investigate the impact of digital skills on enhancing online privacy literacy among undergraduate students at Razi University in Kermanshah.
<strong>Method</strong>: The present research is of an applied type and was conducted using a survey method<br />The statistical population includes 7774 undergraduate students of Razi University in Kermanshah in 2018-2019. The sample size was determined to be 366 people using Morgan's table through a stratified random sampling method. Researcher-developed online privacy literacy and digital skills questionnaires were utilized to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed through content validity methods and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Additionally, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the findings using SPSS software version 24.
<strong>Findings</strong>: The results showed that the online privacy literacy level of undergraduate students is lower than average. However, the students' digital skills level is moderate. Additionally, based on data analysis, digital skills have an impact factor of 0.49 on knowledge of the performance of online service providers, 0.29 on knowledge of information protection laws, 0.51 on knowledge of technical aspects of online privacy, 0.51 on technical skills, 0.40 on social skills, and 0.61 on the overall online privacy literacy scale. The study concludes that as digital skills increase, online privacy literacy and all its components also improve.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Due to the effectiveness of digital skills in enhancing online privacy literacy to uphold privacy on the Internet, it is imperative to provide the essential training and implement measures to enhance students' digital skills. This will elevate their security levels while using the Internet, consequently reducing numerous privacy risks and challenges they may encounter.
https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2068_b560619b3fbcd7ac994640db5d43062d.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Critical factors for the Success of Knowledge Management in the Banking Industry Using
Meta-SynthesesCritical factors for the Success of Knowledge Management in the Banking Industry Using
Meta-Syntheses3160287210.22091/stim.2024.2872FAAzizehSarmadiPh.D., Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.FahimehBabalhavaejiAssociate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0247-6614MohammadHassanzadehProfessor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6175-0855NadjlaHaririProfessor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2320-7023Journal Article20240520<strong>Purpose</strong><strong>:</strong> To be successful in any organization, it is essential to pay attention to job performance. Various factors affect employees' job performance. This study aimed to identify the critical factors for the success of knowledge management in the banking industry using meta-combination. Since the early 1990s, with the introduction of knowledge as the most important asset of the organization and a tool to improve productivity and gain a competitive advantage, optimal management of organizational knowledge has been very successful. Identifying the critical factors for knowledge management success can serve as a guiding light for knowledge management projects.
<strong>Method:</strong> The present study adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes the seven-step method combining Sandelowski and Barroso. The research population comprises all sources pertaining to the essential aspects of knowledge management, encompassing 102 articles, books, and dissertations from reputable domestic and international sources published between 2001-2002 and 2000-2020 AD. Subsequently, based on the relevance to the research topic, the primary sources were sifted through, and 102 sources were selected and coded according to the extracted concepts.
<strong>Findings:</strong> In total, based on the results of a systematic review with a hybrid approach, 7 categories (leadership, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resources, training, monitoring-evaluation, and measurement, IT infrastructure), 18 concepts, and 114 codes for 18 extraction concepts were identified as critical factors in the success of knowledge management. To measure reliability and quality control, the kappa method was used. The value of the kappa index for the constituent and vital factors of knowledge management success was calculated, showing excellent agreement.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to previous studies, the factors related to leadership and support of senior managers, and organizational culture are among the most important factors for success, respectively. Factors such as human resource management, staff motivation issues, organizational structure, training, monitoring and evaluation, and information technology are ranked lower.<strong>Purpose</strong><strong>:</strong> To be successful in any organization, it is essential to pay attention to job performance. Various factors affect employees' job performance. This study aimed to identify the critical factors for the success of knowledge management in the banking industry using meta-combination. Since the early 1990s, with the introduction of knowledge as the most important asset of the organization and a tool to improve productivity and gain a competitive advantage, optimal management of organizational knowledge has been very successful. Identifying the critical factors for knowledge management success can serve as a guiding light for knowledge management projects.
<strong>Method:</strong> The present study adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes the seven-step method combining Sandelowski and Barroso. The research population comprises all sources pertaining to the essential aspects of knowledge management, encompassing 102 articles, books, and dissertations from reputable domestic and international sources published between 2001-2002 and 2000-2020 AD. Subsequently, based on the relevance to the research topic, the primary sources were sifted through, and 102 sources were selected and coded according to the extracted concepts.
<strong>Findings:</strong> In total, based on the results of a systematic review with a hybrid approach, 7 categories (leadership, organizational culture, organizational structure, human resources, training, monitoring-evaluation, and measurement, IT infrastructure), 18 concepts, and 114 codes for 18 extraction concepts were identified as critical factors in the success of knowledge management. To measure reliability and quality control, the kappa method was used. The value of the kappa index for the constituent and vital factors of knowledge management success was calculated, showing excellent agreement.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to previous studies, the factors related to leadership and support of senior managers, and organizational culture are among the most important factors for success, respectively. Factors such as human resource management, staff motivation issues, organizational structure, training, monitoring and evaluation, and information technology are ranked lower.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2872_ea3d139cb432cd72374f6ac9d5e04d0c.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationship between Media Literacy and Information Literacy with the Acceptance of E-Learning during
the COVID-19 Pandemic Period (Case Study: Students of Tabriz Islamic Art University)Structural Equation Modeling of the Relationship between Media Literacy and Information Literacy with the Acceptance of E-Learning during
the COVID-19 Pandemic Period (Case Study: Students of Tabriz Islamic Art University)6188232610.22091/stim.2022.8492.1839FARahimShahbaziAssociate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-7434-1914AbolfazlGhasemzadehProfessor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-1428-2411NosratMehriMaster's degree, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran.MajidDadashzadehPh.D., Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20220811<strong>Purpose</strong>: This research aimed to investigate the relationship between media literacy and information literacy with students' acceptance of e-learning using structural equation modeling.
<strong>Method</strong>: The current research is applied in nature, employing a descriptive survey based<br />on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study comprised all students of Tabriz Islamic Art University (2743), from which 371 were selected through stratified random sampling. The reliability of the questionnaires on media literacy, information literacy, and e-learning acceptance was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding values of 0.83, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling.
<strong>Findings</strong>: The findings of the research show that the students' e-learning acceptance status has an average of 3.13, slightly higher than the average. The average media literacy and information literacy of Tabriz Islamic Art University students are 3.37 and 3.23, respectively. There is a positive and significant relationship between media literacy and information literacy with students' acceptance of e-learning. The findings indicate that the conceptual model presented regarding the relationship between media literacy and information literacy fits well with students' acceptance of e-learning. By providing training courses to enhance media literacy and information literacy skills among students, their acceptance of electronic learning can be increased.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Information literacy and media literacy play predictive roles in students' acceptance of e-learning. Strengthening students' media literacy and information literacy skills is expected to enhance their acceptance of e-learning.<strong>Purpose</strong>: This research aimed to investigate the relationship between media literacy and information literacy with students' acceptance of e-learning using structural equation modeling.
<strong>Method</strong>: The current research is applied in nature, employing a descriptive survey based<br />on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study comprised all students of Tabriz Islamic Art University (2743), from which 371 were selected through stratified random sampling. The reliability of the questionnaires on media literacy, information literacy, and e-learning acceptance was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding values of 0.83, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling.
<strong>Findings</strong>: The findings of the research show that the students' e-learning acceptance status has an average of 3.13, slightly higher than the average. The average media literacy and information literacy of Tabriz Islamic Art University students are 3.37 and 3.23, respectively. There is a positive and significant relationship between media literacy and information literacy with students' acceptance of e-learning. The findings indicate that the conceptual model presented regarding the relationship between media literacy and information literacy fits well with students' acceptance of e-learning. By providing training courses to enhance media literacy and information literacy skills among students, their acceptance of electronic learning can be increased.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: Information literacy and media literacy play predictive roles in students' acceptance of e-learning. Strengthening students' media literacy and information literacy skills is expected to enhance their acceptance of e-learning.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2326_9a2c3494c1db1549a0c4b2e189694b0d.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Data Governance Framework in
Data Exchange CentersData Governance Framework in
Data Exchange Centers89116230010.22091/stim.2022.7668.1700FAMohamadrezaMortazaviPh.D. Student of Information Technology Management, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-0512-8404AliMoeiniProfessor of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Technical Faculties Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6408-3525ArmanSajedinejadAssistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-7705-6406Journal Article20211209<strong>Purpose</strong>: Data governance frameworks have typically been discussed within the confines of an organization, with less focus on inter-organizational contexts. However, due to factors like the rise of electronic government applications and the growth of inter-organizational collaboration in competitive markets, data exchange among organizations is on the rise. This current research aims to address this gap by proposing a data governance framework for data exchange centers. Given the continuous growth of e-government applications and interactions, along with the significant role and value of data within them, implementing this framework can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data and information exchange.
<strong>Method:</strong> This research is qualitative and its method is grounded theory. Initially, the fundamentals of the research were examined. This involved reviewing both scientific and academic research as well as frameworks provided by technical and specialized associations. By exploring the basics and background of the research, foundational knowledge was acquired for subsequent steps. Subsequently, through conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and documenting them, over 400 phrases were collected, and categorized into 100 concepts. These were then analyzed using open coding (resulting in 44 subcategories), theoretical coding (leading to 15 categories), and the development of a theoretical framework. The data was sourced from national data exchange centers. Given the qualitative nature of the study, methods such as participant review, triangulation, and the Delphi technique were employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
<strong>Findings:</strong> The data governance framework in the data exchange center comprises 15 components, categorized into "main components of governance, "main components in the business of data exchange centers, and "supporting components in the business of data exchange centers. Some of these components include "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, "change management.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results of this research, "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, and "monitoring and auditing" are the main components of a data governance framework in data exchange centers. Additionally, "stakeholder collaboration" and "commercialization" also distinguish it from other data governance frameworks. Although this framework is developed for data exchange centers, it can also be used in similar inter-organizational contexts that require data exchange.<strong>Purpose</strong>: Data governance frameworks have typically been discussed within the confines of an organization, with less focus on inter-organizational contexts. However, due to factors like the rise of electronic government applications and the growth of inter-organizational collaboration in competitive markets, data exchange among organizations is on the rise. This current research aims to address this gap by proposing a data governance framework for data exchange centers. Given the continuous growth of e-government applications and interactions, along with the significant role and value of data within them, implementing this framework can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data and information exchange.
<strong>Method:</strong> This research is qualitative and its method is grounded theory. Initially, the fundamentals of the research were examined. This involved reviewing both scientific and academic research as well as frameworks provided by technical and specialized associations. By exploring the basics and background of the research, foundational knowledge was acquired for subsequent steps. Subsequently, through conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and documenting them, over 400 phrases were collected, and categorized into 100 concepts. These were then analyzed using open coding (resulting in 44 subcategories), theoretical coding (leading to 15 categories), and the development of a theoretical framework. The data was sourced from national data exchange centers. Given the qualitative nature of the study, methods such as participant review, triangulation, and the Delphi technique were employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
<strong>Findings:</strong> The data governance framework in the data exchange center comprises 15 components, categorized into "main components of governance, "main components in the business of data exchange centers, and "supporting components in the business of data exchange centers. Some of these components include "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, "change management.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results of this research, "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, and "monitoring and auditing" are the main components of a data governance framework in data exchange centers. Additionally, "stakeholder collaboration" and "commercialization" also distinguish it from other data governance frameworks. Although this framework is developed for data exchange centers, it can also be used in similar inter-organizational contexts that require data exchange.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2300_f921ca04fce82ff0aa0a0dedc100b533.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Transformation in the Role of University
Libraries Following the Outbreak of
the COVID-19 EpidemicTransformation in the Role of University
Libraries Following the Outbreak of
the COVID-19 Epidemic117142232110.22091/stim.2022.8352.1814FAAzamNajafqolinejadAssistant Professor, National Library and Archives of Iran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3272-9472SedigheShakereiMaster's degree, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, National Library and Archives of Iran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20220628<strong>Purpose</strong>: The purpose of this study was to investigate the measures, strategies, and tools for providing services at Iran's top university libraries during the Covid-19 outbreak and the evolution of the role of university libraries.
<strong>Method</strong>: The current study is qualitative, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews in the spring of 2021 with the managers of central libraries of thirteen top university libraries under the coverage of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in Iran. The content of the interviews was analyzed and coded using MAXQDA software. To analyze the data collected from the interviews, the method of qualitative content analysis, categorization (organizing and grouping of codes), and coding (specifying main and secondary codes) were employed. Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to validate the findings.
<strong>Findings</strong>: During the coding process, 196 initial codes were identified to describe the actions, tools, services, and activities of the central libraries of top universities. In the category of tools for providing services in the era of Covid-19, the central libraries of top universities mentioned tools such as virtual social networks, answering the telephone, email, strengthening information through websites and library portals, activating virtual reference services, and educational webinars. Online consulting and booking services for librarians in the context of video conferencing software, purchasing and providing some of the necessary infrastructure for organizing electronic resources, changing the approach of face-to-face services, and providing specific procedures and tools for it, strengthening services for remote access to databases, and enhancing interaction and feedback from users were among the new services and activities that were developed during this period.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: User credibility was further strengthened during the Covid-19 era, marking a turning point in the true concept of service, particularly in terms of enhancing information dissemination for libraries. Education anytime and anywhere replaced face-to-face training courses in libraries. The increasing expectations of users for non-in-person and remote services, along with their institutionalization, led to a reconsideration of scheduling face-to-face visits and the integration of electronic and virtual services as complements to existing physical services. Attention to new spaces during face-to-face visits and the enhancement of librarians' relationships with users are now part of managers' new focus. Improving librarians' skills related to users and enhancing their information literacy are also deemed essential. Libraries are unlikely to revert to the pre-coronavirus era, and to effectively engage users, it is crucial to maintain and strengthen the remote services established during the Covid-19 era. This is because users post-Covid have different expectations and needs compared to those before the pandemic.<strong>Purpose</strong>: The purpose of this study was to investigate the measures, strategies, and tools for providing services at Iran's top university libraries during the Covid-19 outbreak and the evolution of the role of university libraries.
<strong>Method</strong>: The current study is qualitative, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews in the spring of 2021 with the managers of central libraries of thirteen top university libraries under the coverage of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in Iran. The content of the interviews was analyzed and coded using MAXQDA software. To analyze the data collected from the interviews, the method of qualitative content analysis, categorization (organizing and grouping of codes), and coding (specifying main and secondary codes) were employed. Lincoln and Guba criteria were used to validate the findings.
<strong>Findings</strong>: During the coding process, 196 initial codes were identified to describe the actions, tools, services, and activities of the central libraries of top universities. In the category of tools for providing services in the era of Covid-19, the central libraries of top universities mentioned tools such as virtual social networks, answering the telephone, email, strengthening information through websites and library portals, activating virtual reference services, and educational webinars. Online consulting and booking services for librarians in the context of video conferencing software, purchasing and providing some of the necessary infrastructure for organizing electronic resources, changing the approach of face-to-face services, and providing specific procedures and tools for it, strengthening services for remote access to databases, and enhancing interaction and feedback from users were among the new services and activities that were developed during this period.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: User credibility was further strengthened during the Covid-19 era, marking a turning point in the true concept of service, particularly in terms of enhancing information dissemination for libraries. Education anytime and anywhere replaced face-to-face training courses in libraries. The increasing expectations of users for non-in-person and remote services, along with their institutionalization, led to a reconsideration of scheduling face-to-face visits and the integration of electronic and virtual services as complements to existing physical services. Attention to new spaces during face-to-face visits and the enhancement of librarians' relationships with users are now part of managers' new focus. Improving librarians' skills related to users and enhancing their information literacy are also deemed essential. Libraries are unlikely to revert to the pre-coronavirus era, and to effectively engage users, it is crucial to maintain and strengthen the remote services established during the Covid-19 era. This is because users post-Covid have different expectations and needs compared to those before the pandemic.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2321_e61d0419075f46cdeb75c20b7436b161.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Information Technology-Based Businesses in Iran Using the Structural Equation MethodModeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Information Technology-Based Businesses in Iran Using the Structural Equation Method143174224010.22091/stim.2022.8329.1809FAHosseinHajipourfardPh.D., Department of Technology Management, School of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-8217-2134BehzadSoltaniAssociate Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran0000-0002-8286-208XAbbasTolouei EshlaghiProfessor, Department of Technology Management, School of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-6050-1016Seyyed HabibollahTabatabaeianAssociate Professor, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1399-932XJournal Article20220621<strong>Purpose:</strong> In recent decades, a significant number of information technology-based businesses have risen to the top of the world's leading companies list. Until the early years of the third millennium AD, large companies and owners of oil wells and mineral resources, along with industrial production complexes that are several decades and several hundred years old, have been the flagships of the list <br />of the largest and most successful companies in the world. However, this leadership has been astonishingly challenged by IT-based start-ups in the last two decades. The value of the production of information technology businesses from the total production of the world increased by about 29% in approximately 5 years, between 2015 and 2020, reaching $24.615 trillion. The share of the digital economy in the total world economy reached about 25%. In other words, the digital economy has absorbed two and a half percent of the traditional economy in just 5 years. These instances underscore the importance of considering the position of information technology-based businesses. According to the 2018 report of the Ministry of Information Technology, the share of the digital economy in the total gross domestic product of the country is approximately six and a half percent, while the global average of this index is around fifteen percent. This fact highlights the need to focus more on the development of these businesses in the country, which is the rationale for conducting the present research. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the various dimensions influencing the formation and growth of these businesses and how these factors are interconnected in the country.
<strong>Method:</strong> The present research was conducted in two distinct stages, qualitative and quantitative. Initially, the problem was identified and defined, followed by a review of previous related studies to identify the main dimensions of the model. Subsequently, a total of 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, entrepreneurs, technology policy makers, and information technology experts. Additionally, archival sources were consulted. Through content analysis and the coding method, the research conceptual model was developed, comprising three main categories. In the quantitative phase, the model was refined to form the basis of the research questionnaire. After assessing the content validity, the questionnaire was distributed to three groups within the industry community: 1) managers and executives of relevant businesses, 2) entrepreneurs and business owners, and 3) academic and business experts. Data collected from these questionnaires were analyzed using various statistical tests, and the validity of the model and its structures were confirmed through structural equation modeling.
<strong>Findings:</strong> After conducting the systematic steps of the research and analyzing the data from the experiences of the participants in the qualitative part of the research, three categories were identified as the main ones: internal organizational characteristics, environmental drivers and obstacles, and political factors. Based on the obtained results, policy factors in this model are an exogenous and independent variable that plays a key role in the development of these businesses. This finding confirms the necessity of the government's presence and adoption of policies to support the development of these businesses. According to the results of this research, another crucial dimension directly affected by government policies is environmental factors. The third category of factors indirectly influenced by government policies includes organizational factors. These factors encompass having the right project team and access to expert human resources, the appropriate business model, a focus on innovation and marketing power, and market penetration power.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> By identifying these factors, the path becomes clearer for the government and other policy-making institutions. The development of the digital economy in the country necessitates simultaneous attention to environmental and internal factors. The government, as a key policy maker, plays a crucial role in fostering digital businesses. Activists and entrepreneurs in this sector view financing as a significant bottleneck in business development. Therefore, it is imperative for relevant institutions to prioritize current policies that support these businesses and facilitate financing for them.<strong>Purpose:</strong> In recent decades, a significant number of information technology-based businesses have risen to the top of the world's leading companies list. Until the early years of the third millennium AD, large companies and owners of oil wells and mineral resources, along with industrial production complexes that are several decades and several hundred years old, have been the flagships of the list <br />of the largest and most successful companies in the world. However, this leadership has been astonishingly challenged by IT-based start-ups in the last two decades. The value of the production of information technology businesses from the total production of the world increased by about 29% in approximately 5 years, between 2015 and 2020, reaching $24.615 trillion. The share of the digital economy in the total world economy reached about 25%. In other words, the digital economy has absorbed two and a half percent of the traditional economy in just 5 years. These instances underscore the importance of considering the position of information technology-based businesses. According to the 2018 report of the Ministry of Information Technology, the share of the digital economy in the total gross domestic product of the country is approximately six and a half percent, while the global average of this index is around fifteen percent. This fact highlights the need to focus more on the development of these businesses in the country, which is the rationale for conducting the present research. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the various dimensions influencing the formation and growth of these businesses and how these factors are interconnected in the country.
<strong>Method:</strong> The present research was conducted in two distinct stages, qualitative and quantitative. Initially, the problem was identified and defined, followed by a review of previous related studies to identify the main dimensions of the model. Subsequently, a total of 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, entrepreneurs, technology policy makers, and information technology experts. Additionally, archival sources were consulted. Through content analysis and the coding method, the research conceptual model was developed, comprising three main categories. In the quantitative phase, the model was refined to form the basis of the research questionnaire. After assessing the content validity, the questionnaire was distributed to three groups within the industry community: 1) managers and executives of relevant businesses, 2) entrepreneurs and business owners, and 3) academic and business experts. Data collected from these questionnaires were analyzed using various statistical tests, and the validity of the model and its structures were confirmed through structural equation modeling.
<strong>Findings:</strong> After conducting the systematic steps of the research and analyzing the data from the experiences of the participants in the qualitative part of the research, three categories were identified as the main ones: internal organizational characteristics, environmental drivers and obstacles, and political factors. Based on the obtained results, policy factors in this model are an exogenous and independent variable that plays a key role in the development of these businesses. This finding confirms the necessity of the government's presence and adoption of policies to support the development of these businesses. According to the results of this research, another crucial dimension directly affected by government policies is environmental factors. The third category of factors indirectly influenced by government policies includes organizational factors. These factors encompass having the right project team and access to expert human resources, the appropriate business model, a focus on innovation and marketing power, and market penetration power.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> By identifying these factors, the path becomes clearer for the government and other policy-making institutions. The development of the digital economy in the country necessitates simultaneous attention to environmental and internal factors. The government, as a key policy maker, plays a crucial role in fostering digital businesses. Activists and entrepreneurs in this sector view financing as a significant bottleneck in business development. Therefore, it is imperative for relevant institutions to prioritize current policies that support these businesses and facilitate financing for them.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2240_7a8d9930d3e33a1ea6409fb1ca1beb68.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Folksonomy-Based Ontology: A Link Between Intelligence and Meaning in Psychology and Educational SciencesFolksonomy-Based Ontology: A Link Between Intelligence and Meaning in Psychology and Educational Sciences175208211510.22091/stim.2022.7865.1734FANosratGoodarziPhD. Student, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran.YaghoubNorouziProfessor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran0000-0003-3030-7647Hosseini BeheshtiMolouk SadatAssociate Professor, Department of General Linguistics, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-0059-6927MehdiAlipour-HafeziAssistant Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3113-9887BehroozBayatAssistant Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.0000-0002-1684-0720Journal Article20220131<strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of the present study is to reconcile the dual embodiment of ontology and folksonomy and establish a symbiotic relationship between the two technologies for the development of folksonomized ontology as a tool for organizing information in the fields of psychology and educational sciences in cyberspace.<br /><strong>Method: </strong>This study is of an applied nature and utilizes a combined research method. To gain conceptual knowledge and develop a semi-automated ontology based on natural language (common labels), the three-step method proposed by Alves and Santanche (extraction, enrichment, and synthesis) (2013) is utilized, along with Noy and McGuinness's approach (2001). The statistical population refers to the labels used by students of psychology and educational sciences in the digital library of Allameh Tabatabai University. The purposive sampling method is used to select and aggregate specific labels. Additionally, to evaluate the credibility and validity of the extracted concepts and relationships, they are reviewed and confirmed by 15 experts in the fields of psychology and educational sciences. The software used to create the ontology is Protégé version 5.5.<br /><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 15,787 labels were extracted. After identifying the fundamental concepts and their interrelationships using the Eric database, a conceptual framework with an ontological approach was developed. After confirming and validating the conceptual structure, an ontology based on folksonomy is presented as the main research finding. It consists of 277 classes and subclasses, 110 relation types, 50 samples, and 9 synonyms taken from the Eric database, and is illustrated in several graphs. Based on the statistical test performed on the ontology derived from folksonomy with a significance level of 0.0005, the model has been proven to be relatively accurate, and all components have been confirmed by experts.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Folksonomies are "user-generated ontologies" within the Semantic Web. Leveraging the structural distinctions between folksonomies and ontologies holds the potential to advance the Semantic Web without requiring a deep understanding of complex classification systems.<strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of the present study is to reconcile the dual embodiment of ontology and folksonomy and establish a symbiotic relationship between the two technologies for the development of folksonomized ontology as a tool for organizing information in the fields of psychology and educational sciences in cyberspace.<br /><strong>Method: </strong>This study is of an applied nature and utilizes a combined research method. To gain conceptual knowledge and develop a semi-automated ontology based on natural language (common labels), the three-step method proposed by Alves and Santanche (extraction, enrichment, and synthesis) (2013) is utilized, along with Noy and McGuinness's approach (2001). The statistical population refers to the labels used by students of psychology and educational sciences in the digital library of Allameh Tabatabai University. The purposive sampling method is used to select and aggregate specific labels. Additionally, to evaluate the credibility and validity of the extracted concepts and relationships, they are reviewed and confirmed by 15 experts in the fields of psychology and educational sciences. The software used to create the ontology is Protégé version 5.5.<br /><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 15,787 labels were extracted. After identifying the fundamental concepts and their interrelationships using the Eric database, a conceptual framework with an ontological approach was developed. After confirming and validating the conceptual structure, an ontology based on folksonomy is presented as the main research finding. It consists of 277 classes and subclasses, 110 relation types, 50 samples, and 9 synonyms taken from the Eric database, and is illustrated in several graphs. Based on the statistical test performed on the ontology derived from folksonomy with a significance level of 0.0005, the model has been proven to be relatively accurate, and all components have been confirmed by experts.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Folksonomies are "user-generated ontologies" within the Semantic Web. Leveraging the structural distinctions between folksonomies and ontologies holds the potential to advance the Semantic Web without requiring a deep understanding of complex classification systems.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2115_c08070f1ff18c7e951a0e0250017206f.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320The relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Leader-Member Exchange and Perceived Supervisor Support in Kurdistan Public LibrariesThe relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Leader-Member Exchange and Perceived Supervisor Support in Kurdistan Public Libraries209238207210.22091/stim.2021.7147.1618FAAli AkbarKhassehAssociate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-5664-4671SaharNaseriMaster's student, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.FaramarzSoheiliAssociate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2581-7052MehriShahbazi0000-0002-5190-7951Journal Article20210717<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, leader-member exchange, and perceived supervisor support among employees of public libraries in Kurdistan province.<br /><strong>Method: </strong>The present research method is a survey type in terms of practical purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of public libraries in Kurdistan province, totaling 99 people, which was determined using the census method due to the small population size. Three standard questionnaires were utilized to collect data on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Kanuski, 1996), Leaders-Member Exchange (Gran and Joey Bain, 1995), and perceived support for the Supervisor (Rubin, 2013). The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by five professors of information science, and the reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, resulting in values of 0.785, 0.845, and 0.938. Data analysis was conducted using statistical coefficients such as correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression in SPSS software version 22.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The findings showed a significant relationship between leader-member exchange and all five dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, as well as the perceived support of the supervisor. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between the perceived support of the supervisor and organizational citizenship behavior. The perceived support of the supervisor was identified to play a mediating role in the relationship between leader-member exchange and the dimensions of altruism, respect, and humility. Lastly, the gender of the respondents was found to be related to the altruistic dimension.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results obtained, it can be said that employees are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behavior in response to perceived support from the supervisor rather than as a tool for rewarding. In other words, employee's express organizational citizenship behavior because they feel satisfied with the support of their supervisor. What is certain is that it is not only the role of the supervisor that strengthens the behavior of organizational citizenship in the workplace; organizational citizenship behavior is a team effort.<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, leader-member exchange, and perceived supervisor support among employees of public libraries in Kurdistan province.<br /><strong>Method: </strong>The present research method is a survey type in terms of practical purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of this study includes all employees of public libraries in Kurdistan province, totaling 99 people, which was determined using the census method due to the small population size. Three standard questionnaires were utilized to collect data on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Kanuski, 1996), Leaders-Member Exchange (Gran and Joey Bain, 1995), and perceived support for the Supervisor (Rubin, 2013). The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by five professors of information science, and the reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, resulting in values of 0.785, 0.845, and 0.938. Data analysis was conducted using statistical coefficients such as correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression in SPSS software version 22.<br /><strong>Findings:</strong> The findings showed a significant relationship between leader-member exchange and all five dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, as well as the perceived support of the supervisor. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between the perceived support of the supervisor and organizational citizenship behavior. The perceived support of the supervisor was identified to play a mediating role in the relationship between leader-member exchange and the dimensions of altruism, respect, and humility. Lastly, the gender of the respondents was found to be related to the altruistic dimension.<br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results obtained, it can be said that employees are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behavior in response to perceived support from the supervisor rather than as a tool for rewarding. In other words, employee's express organizational citizenship behavior because they feel satisfied with the support of their supervisor. What is certain is that it is not only the role of the supervisor that strengthens the behavior of organizational citizenship in the workplace; organizational citizenship behavior is a team effort.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2072_d1d5f2b5da89219f290b0176f1347683.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320The Effect of Knowledge Management Systems and Knowledge Sharing on the Performance and Loyalty of LibrariansThe Effect of Knowledge Management Systems and Knowledge Sharing on the Performance and Loyalty of Librarians239264280010.22091/stim.2024.10054.2027FAAliBiranvandAssociate Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-2316-0405MortezaMohammadi OstaniAssistant Professor, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-1146-687XSaraGhannatianSara
Master's degree, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, Payam Noor University, Shiraz, Iran.0009-0000-3968-1884Journal Article20231102<strong>Purpose:</strong> Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province.
<strong>Method:</strong> The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square.
<strong>Findings:</strong> The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p<0.01, r = 0.373) with librarians' performance (p<0.01, r = 0.342) and loyalty (p<0.01,<br />r = 0.484). Additionally, there was a significant and positive relationship between knowledge sharing and the performance of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.513) and loyalty of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.596). The indicators of the measurement model for the construct reliability index and Cronbach's alpha were above 0.7, indicating the reliability of the construct. The average variance extracted index for the convergent validity of the model was also higher than 0.5 for all variables, indicating appropriate convergent validity. The results of the SEM fit showed that the coefficient of determination for librarians' performance and loyalty were calculated as 0.327 and 0.561, respectively, indicating the prediction of 32% and 56% of the variance in performance and loyalty of librarians. Furthermore, the Goodness of Fit (GOF) index was calculated as 0.56, indicating a relatively strong fit of the proposed model.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> One of the crucial factors influencing the professional conduct of librarians is their performance level and loyalty to libraries and information centers. Understanding the loyalty status of librarians can assist managers in planning to achieve desired objectives. By elucidating the correlation between knowledge management, knowledge sharing, organizational loyalty, and librarian performance, the research findings can capture the attention of library managers and officials to bolster the knowledge management and sharing systems in libraries. This will create conducive conditions for enhancing the performance and loyalty of librarians. By improving access to knowledge, honing expertise, and promoting continuous learning, librarians can deliver optimal service to users and establish a more efficient relationship with the organization.<strong>Purpose:</strong> Loyalty and satisfaction of employees are key factors for the success and survival of any organization, especially service-oriented organizations like public libraries. On one hand, maintaining the position and dignity of the public library requires consideration of the performance and loyalty of its librarians. On the other hand, it is essential to focus on implementing a knowledge management system and promoting knowledge sharing in service-oriented organizations to enhance loyalty and organizational performance. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the impact of knowledge management and knowledge sharing systems on the performance and loyalty of librarians in public libraries in Fars province.
<strong>Method:</strong> The present study was conducted as applied research. Data collection involved a descriptive survey and correlation analysis. The statistical population comprised 331 librarians from public libraries in Fars province, with a sample size of 175 selected using the stratified random method based on the Krejci & Morgan table. The study utilized four questionnaires on knowledge management (Newman and Konrad, 2000), knowledge sharing (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2012), librarian performance (Zarei and Same Siahkolroudi, 2017), and librarian loyalty (Yeh, Yeong, and Cheng, 2010; June, Cai, and Shin, 2006). The questionnaires demonstrated Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 for descriptive statistics and Smart PLS software for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the relationships between variables. The measurement model section utilized Cronbach's alpha, Construct Reliability (CR), and Convergent Validity (CV) indexes. Additionally, the model fit was assessed using Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMR), d-G, d-ULS, and Chi-Square.
<strong>Findings:</strong> The findings showed that the status of variables related to knowledge management, knowledge sharing, performance of librarians, and loyalty of librarians in the public libraries of Fars province is in good condition and above average. Among the research variables, the performance of librarians, with an average of 4.04, was higher than other variables. The results of the correlation test indicated a significant and positive relationship between knowledge management and knowledge sharing (p<0.01, r = 0.373) with librarians' performance (p<0.01, r = 0.342) and loyalty (p<0.01,<br />r = 0.484). Additionally, there was a significant and positive relationship between knowledge sharing and the performance of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.513) and loyalty of librarians (p<0.01, r = 0.596). The indicators of the measurement model for the construct reliability index and Cronbach's alpha were above 0.7, indicating the reliability of the construct. The average variance extracted index for the convergent validity of the model was also higher than 0.5 for all variables, indicating appropriate convergent validity. The results of the SEM fit showed that the coefficient of determination for librarians' performance and loyalty were calculated as 0.327 and 0.561, respectively, indicating the prediction of 32% and 56% of the variance in performance and loyalty of librarians. Furthermore, the Goodness of Fit (GOF) index was calculated as 0.56, indicating a relatively strong fit of the proposed model.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> One of the crucial factors influencing the professional conduct of librarians is their performance level and loyalty to libraries and information centers. Understanding the loyalty status of librarians can assist managers in planning to achieve desired objectives. By elucidating the correlation between knowledge management, knowledge sharing, organizational loyalty, and librarian performance, the research findings can capture the attention of library managers and officials to bolster the knowledge management and sharing systems in libraries. This will create conducive conditions for enhancing the performance and loyalty of librarians. By improving access to knowledge, honing expertise, and promoting continuous learning, librarians can deliver optimal service to users and establish a more efficient relationship with the organization.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2800_2a4aa245b057f2d6eaa8f112006ea0d6.pdfUniversity of QomSciences and Techniques of Information Management2476-665810120240320Enhancing Capital Market Information Transparency in the Context of Corporate AnomaliesEnhancing Capital Market Information Transparency in the Context of Corporate Anomalies265289294810.22091/stim.2024.9823.1999FAAliKarimi EskabaniPhD. Student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0009-5993-9411AliNajafi TavanaAssistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009-0009-5993-9411MajidGhorchi BeigiAssociate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0009-5993-9411Journal Article20230831<strong>Purpose</strong>: One of the most effective tools in enhancing the efficiency of the capital market is transparency in information. A lack of transparency poses significant risks to investors. Effects of reduced transparency in capital information include fraudulent practices and inadequate financial reporting. This study aims to investigate the causes of anomalies in corporations and their impact on the transparency of capital market information.
<strong>Method:</strong> This research employs a qualitative approach grounded in the foundations of data theory. Qualitative data collection relies on a judicious selection of ten legal cases pertaining to the transgressions of stock companies adjudicated in the criminal courts of Tehran during the years 2013 to 2019. The purposive sampling technique is applied, and qualitative data analysis is executed through a systematic data plan grounded in foundational principles. Consequently, the elicited concepts undergo a multistage assessment encompassing open, axial, and selective coding.
<strong>Findings:</strong> The codes identified in relation to causal conditions are organized into four overarching categories, comprising 31 sub-categories. In the pursuit of elevating capital market transparency, mitigating impediments within the business milieu, minimizing government ownership, and rescinding obligatory market interventions, the identified causative factors are categorized into three primary domains, encompassing 25 sub-categories. These factors illuminate the inadequacy of punitive and repressive measures in curbing transgressions and irregularities within the stock and securities markets. Consequently, the implementation of proactive and deterrent mechanisms emerges as a fundamental instrument for enhancing capital market transparency. Underlying causes are classified into three primary categories, housing six sub-categories. These underpinning factors underscore the necessity of amalgamating education-driven and awareness-enhancing initiatives, with the objective of bolstering financial literacy and inculcating principles of equity ownership. Furthermore, these factors spotlight the importance of averting the characterization of individuals as malefactors in the capital market. Weaknesses in internal monitoring mechanisms, such as lapses in the appointment of internal auditors and audit committees, engender an environment conducive to fraudulent activities. This, in turn, results in a diminishment of financial reporting quality and a reduction in the transparency of information disclosed by corporate entities, thereby augmenting market risk.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The utilization of market regulation measures will significantly contribute to transparency in the capital market. This is because minimal and minimalistic criminal measures in the business sector not only prevent irregularities but also prevent the productive sectors of the economy from becoming inefficient.<strong>Purpose</strong>: One of the most effective tools in enhancing the efficiency of the capital market is transparency in information. A lack of transparency poses significant risks to investors. Effects of reduced transparency in capital information include fraudulent practices and inadequate financial reporting. This study aims to investigate the causes of anomalies in corporations and their impact on the transparency of capital market information.
<strong>Method:</strong> This research employs a qualitative approach grounded in the foundations of data theory. Qualitative data collection relies on a judicious selection of ten legal cases pertaining to the transgressions of stock companies adjudicated in the criminal courts of Tehran during the years 2013 to 2019. The purposive sampling technique is applied, and qualitative data analysis is executed through a systematic data plan grounded in foundational principles. Consequently, the elicited concepts undergo a multistage assessment encompassing open, axial, and selective coding.
<strong>Findings:</strong> The codes identified in relation to causal conditions are organized into four overarching categories, comprising 31 sub-categories. In the pursuit of elevating capital market transparency, mitigating impediments within the business milieu, minimizing government ownership, and rescinding obligatory market interventions, the identified causative factors are categorized into three primary domains, encompassing 25 sub-categories. These factors illuminate the inadequacy of punitive and repressive measures in curbing transgressions and irregularities within the stock and securities markets. Consequently, the implementation of proactive and deterrent mechanisms emerges as a fundamental instrument for enhancing capital market transparency. Underlying causes are classified into three primary categories, housing six sub-categories. These underpinning factors underscore the necessity of amalgamating education-driven and awareness-enhancing initiatives, with the objective of bolstering financial literacy and inculcating principles of equity ownership. Furthermore, these factors spotlight the importance of averting the characterization of individuals as malefactors in the capital market. Weaknesses in internal monitoring mechanisms, such as lapses in the appointment of internal auditors and audit committees, engender an environment conducive to fraudulent activities. This, in turn, results in a diminishment of financial reporting quality and a reduction in the transparency of information disclosed by corporate entities, thereby augmenting market risk.
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: The utilization of market regulation measures will significantly contribute to transparency in the capital market. This is because minimal and minimalistic criminal measures in the business sector not only prevent irregularities but also prevent the productive sectors of the economy from becoming inefficient.https://stim.qom.ac.ir/article_2948_c1f1ba576fc33c5c640cdf9f9ce84a31.pdf