Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Knowledge and Information Science. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz. Iran.
2
Professor
3
Professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
4
Associate Professor, Department of Information Science and Knowledge, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Abstract
Aim: The creation of knowledge in any field requires elements and characteristics whose recognition would be a basic condition for understanding knowledge and how to create knowledge in that field. Artists create extraordinary objects or works to express their thoughts, feelings, beliefs or ideas. It is through these works that communication between the artist and their audience takes place, and the artist tries to convey his message to their audience. But the question is, what elements does the artist need in creating a work of art? Are these elements similar to the knowledge shaping elements in other areas of cognitive areas and science, or do they require other concepts and elements? Based on the abovementioned questions, it seems that art, both in creation and in perception, encompasses different forms of characteristics. The purpose of this research is to identify the main elements and characteristics in the creation of artistic knowledge from the perspective of some Iranian artists.
Methodology: This is an Applied research with an exploratory approach that has been conducted using Grounded Theory method. Data were collected using 11 semi-structured in-depth interviews. In addition, 7 interviews with artists and directors of art organizations that were published in some documents that contributed to the richness of the research were used in this study. Due to the necessity of this research and since its main focus is the existing knowledge in visual arts,، the research community was selected from among the artists and experts of the art and university of this area in specialized groups of the Academy of Art and other art organizations by snowball sampling. Considering the published documents, the sample size in this study was 18 people who were interviewed and the data were analyzed in MaxQDA software, version 2020 through free, pivotal and selective encoding.
Findings: After analyzing the data obtained from the encoding of interviews, 15 main categories, 71 sub-categories and 286 concepts were extracted. The main categories identified in this research include: "Education", "Idea-Making: Imagination and Innovation", "Techniques and Tools", "Interaction and Communication", "Knowledge", "Skill and Expertise", "Experience and Perception of Aesthetics", "Inspiration and Intuition", "Personal Management", "Talent and Intelligence", "Perseverance and Persistence", "Artistic Taste", "Recognition", "Artist's Style", and "Nature".
Results: Recognition of the knowledge embodied in the artwork and the expression of its features and elements was one of the objectives of this research that the researchers tried to identify by specifying the selective coding and the main categories. All the existing elements and specifications in Artistic knowledge that cause artistic creation, transform sorrow to beauty, truth and art with emerging of the unseen. Artistic works publicize the inner feelings, and invite the viewers to share with the artist in his exploration of himself. In the creation of his knowledge, in addition to different elements and characteristics, the artist is faced with a variety of knowledge that he must be familiar with. By thinking in art and science، we encounter other issues about the limits and scope of the types of knowledge. Art is a phenomenon in which we find traditional patterns of knowledge inadequate; therefore, in relation to the artist's knowledge, a theory is needed to encompass issues such as feeling, perception, and cognition in a particular experience. Evidence and sources suggest that artistic knowledge is in fact a subset of the larger category of tacit knowledge. Thus, artistic knowledge refers to the intangible components of art that do not correspond to the traditional concepts of codified، propositional or explicit knowledge. This would lead to know artistic knowledge through deep understanding of general and tacit knowledge.
Keywords: Knowledge، Knowledge creation، Artistic knowledge, Artist's knowledge, Kinds of knowledge, Artists, Art organizations.
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