Elaboration of the model of knowledge spillover among knowledge-based companies in the field of nano and bio-technology

Knowledge-based companies invest in learning activities to improve their economic activities at the international level, which can be internal or external. The flow of knowledge between the main actors is one of the factors of external learning, and the unwanted flow of knowledge between companies without financial compensation or less than its real value is called the phenomenon of knowledge spillover, although in the new era, knowledge spillover is essential as a source for the survival of knowledge-based companies. and it is vital and the condition of success of organizations in global trade is to achieve deep knowledge and understanding at all levels, but still in Iran, many organizations have not paid serious attention to the category of knowledge spillover and the factors affecting it. Also, considering the high speed of competition in the business space of knowledge-based companies and environmental changes and their effect on the performance of organizations and the ability of organizations to maintain their existence and survival, as well as increasing the cycle of production and reproduction of knowledge in the company Knowledge-based companies need to use new methods of knowledge management in order to increase the flow of knowledge in the organization and increase the reproduction of knowledge, because the lack of knowledge management capabilities has caused the reduction of knowledge sharing at the organization level, which has led to the lack of Aggregation of knowledge activities and prolongation of project execution time and waste of financial resources and low productivity in these companies, therefore, with the formation of knowledge network in knowledge-based companies in the field of nano and bio technologies, the knowledge interactions of different units of this companies have increased and it results in a kind of synergy of knowledge that these measures require the use of a suitable model of factors affecting knowledge management capabilities in these knowledge-based companies, but a comprehensive model of knowledge management capabilities in this Companies are not provided.

Also, the process of economic growth and transformation of knowledge-based companies through the sequence of innovation is considered as an important factor in learning, innovation in knowledge-based companies can be an important factor for their sustainable development, so that in most developing countries The world's finding is that adopting policies related to supporting small and medium-sized companies in order to increase and grow innovation and creativity is one of the most important socio-economic priorities of governments. In other words, the success of these companies largely depends on their ability to innovate and develop new technologies, which in turn requires a strong research and development infrastructure in this field. Therefore, in order to achieve this development, it is necessary to design and develop a comprehensive model to identify the factors influencing the innovation of knowledge-based companies.

The purpose of the current research was to develop a model of knowledge spillover among knowledge-based companies in the field of nano and bio-technology. The present research method was an exploratory research that has a qualitative nature. In this research, knowledge spillover components were extracted by using foundational data theory and conducting interviews. The community included experts, entrepreneurs and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of nano and bio-technology, and the sampling method was purposive sampling, and finally, based on theoretical saturation, 12 people participated as a sample. The findings showed that the causal conditions of knowledge overflow include organizational causes, culture of communication and cooperation, knowledge causes, innovative activities, leadership, research and development, human resources, support; The consequences of knowledge spillover include increasing knowledge and capabilities, economic consequences, functional consequences, expansion of organizational networks and communications, and technological consequences; The background conditions of knowledge overflow include infrastructure, development of education and learning, improvement of abilities and skills, investment and trade and communication; Intervening conditions of knowledge overflow including political conditions, cultural conditions and interactive conditions; Knowledge spillover strategies include communication and interaction strategies, development of systems and structures, business strategies and political strategies. The fuzzy Delphi results showed that all the concepts related to the knowledge overflow paradigm model had an acceptance threshold above 0.7 and the identified components were confirmed for the paradigm model. Therefore, providing some factors and conditions and removing obstacles using appropriate strategies can be effective in promoting knowledge spillover and bring positive consequences for companies and the whole society