دیدگاه متخصصان علوم داده و هوش مصنوعی درباره ابعاد داده‌ باز در سازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی ایران

Objective: This study aims to identify and explain the dimensions, components, and requirements for developing an open data program in the National Library and Archives of Iran, with an emphasis on the perspectives of data science experts, artificial intelligence specialists, and data-driven business actors. By understanding the existing challenges and capacities, the study seeks to provide the groundwork for the effective use of open data in order to enhance transparency, improve governance, foster innovation, and create economic value.
Method: This research adopted a qualitative approach, and the data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 data science specialists, faculty members, and business managers active in the field of artificial intelligence. Purposeful sampling was employed, and the selection criteria included professional expertise in the field of data and practical experience in related projects. The interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis at three levels—basic, organizing, and global themes—to extract a coherent structure of the dimensions of the open data program.
Findings: The findings of the study can be categorized into five main areas. First, “key actions,” which include developing a roadmap, prioritizing datasets, attending to user needs and feedback, building data infrastructures, standardizing and preparing data, and creating intelligent access to data. In addition, the development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and the conversion of unstructured data into analyzable data are considered among the important measures. In this regard, attention to training and empowering human resources, fostering a data-driven culture, and creating cross-sector collaboration are key success factors for these actions. Second, “requirements of the open data program,” which emphasize the existence of high-quality, standardized, and organized data, data diversity (textual, visual, audio, etc.), the development of technological infrastructures, and the formation of a data-driven culture. The findings indicate that Persian textual data and the organization’s archival resources hold high value for the development of AI models and innovative services, provided that they are made available in a structured and standardized form. Third, “barriers and challenges,” which include a broad range of cultural, structural, technological, legal, and economic issues. Among the most important of these challenges are organizational resistance to data sharing, lack of trust and a culture of transparency, data fragmentation and lack of integration, insufficient processing infrastructure, weaknesses in data standardization, ambiguity in data ownership laws, and shortage of skilled professionals. These challenges reflect the complexity of implementing open data programs within the country’s institutional and managerial contexts. Fourth, “stakeholders and participants,” which include government institutions, universities, private companies, startups, researchers, media, and technical experts. The findings emphasize the importance of interaction and collaboration among these actors, such that the success of the open data program is not possible without active participation and synergy among these groups. Fifth, “benefits and advantages,” which can be explained across economic, social, and technological dimensions. These benefits include creating new business opportunities, developing smart services, improving macro-level decision-making, increasing transparency and accountability, enhancing the quality of public services, and strengthening innovation. Open data can also contribute to the development of indigenous technologies, particularly in the field of the Persian language, and pave the way for the emergence of a data-driven economy in the country.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings show that purely supply-driven approaches to open data are not sufficiently effective, and that policymaking needs to move toward demand-driven and user-centered approaches. In other words, identifying users’ real needs, designing data-based services, and establishing mechanisms for interaction and feedback are key factors in increasing the effective use of data. The results also emphasize that the success of an open data program requires a comprehensive and systemic approach that simultaneously considers technical, legal, organizational, and cultural dimensions. Ultimately, it can be concluded that the National Library and Archives of Iran, with its rich data resources, has strong potential to become one of the key actors in the country’s open data ecosystem. However, achieving this goal requires the formulation of a national data strategy, infrastructure development, legal reform, the promotion of a data-driven culture, and stronger collaboration among stakeholders. Progress along this path can pave the way for data-driven governance, greater transparency, and sustainable development in the country