مستندسازی و به اشتراک‌گذاری دانش در پارک‌های علم و فن‌آوری دانشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این پژوهش آن است که با بررسی دیدگاه متخصصان، مدل‌های پارادایمی تبیین‌کنندۀ شرایط و عوامل مؤثر و مداخله‌گر برای ارائۀ خدمات مستندسازی و به‌اشتراک‌گذاری دانش در شرکت‌های دانش بنیان پارک‌های علم و فناوری تبیین شود.
روش­شناسی: روش پژوهش کیفی مبتنی‌بر رویکرد نظریۀ داده­بنیاد است. ابزار جمع­آوری داده­های کیفی مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته و روش نمونه­گیری از نوع هدفمند با رویکرد نظری است. در این پژوهش مصاحبه­های نیمه­ساختار یافته با هشت نفر از متخصصان مدیریت دانش و مدیران ارشد پارک­های علم و فناوری انجام شد. معیار تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­های کیفی مبتنی‌بر طرح نظام‌مند نظریۀ داده­بنیاد بود. از این­رو متن مصاحبه­ها پس از پیاده­سازی در پنج مرحله به‌روش کدگذاری باز، محوری، و انتخابی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
نتایج: در کدگذاری باز 242 کد برای دو مفهوم مستندسازی و به‌اشتراک‌گذاری دانش شناسایی شدند. سپس کدگذاری محوری براساس الگوی پارادایمی انجام و دو مدل برای این دو مفهوم ترسیم شد. بر این اساس، عناصر، فرایندها، موانع، و راهبردهای مستندسازی و به اشتراک‌گذاری دانش به­عنوان مقولۀ محوری انتخاب شدند.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی در پژوهش حاضر راهبردهای مختلفی برای پیاده‌سازی نظام‌های مستندسازی و به اشتراک‌گذاری دانش از سویمتخصصان پیشنهاد شد، از آن جمله می‌توان به طراحی یک پلتفرم و نظام جمع‌سپاری، تعریف نقش‌ها و مسئولیت‌های نیروی انسانی متخصص، تعریف روش‌های اجرائی، شخصی‌سازی تعامل‌های موجود در گروه‌های کاری و شبکه‌های اجتماعی، عملیاتی کردن چرخۀ دانش شامل کدگذاری دانش، شناسائی حوزه‌های دانشی، شناسائی خبرگان دانش، فهم، پردازش، ممیزی، سازمان‌دهی، ذخیره‌سازی، دسترس‌پذیری و بازآرائی دانش اشاره کرد. همچنین برای عملیاتی کردن به اشتراک‌گذاری دانش می‌بایست به‌دنبال ایجاد یک فضای قابل اعتماد و تشکیل کلونی‌ها و شبکه‌های تخصصی و فنی بود. علاوه‌بر این، می‌بایست معیارهایی برای تعیین سطوح دسترسی به اطلاعات از سوی شرکت‌های همکار و رقیب تعریف شوند و ارزیابی دقیقی از این فرایند انجام پذیرد. تعریف یک نظام حقوقی قابل اتکاء نیز می‌تواند ضمانت اجرائی لازم را برای موفقیت این نظام تضمین کند. سیاست‌گذاری و برگزیدن یک راهبرد اصولی در زمینۀ پیاده‌سازی نظام‌های مستندسازی و به‌اشتراک‌گذاری دانش در سطح‌های مختلفی از جمله سطح ملی (وزارت علوم)، سطح پارک‌های علم و فناوری، و در سطح شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان ضرورت دارد و چنان‌چه این اقدامات به شکل دقیقی انجام شود نتایج مثبت این سیاست‌ها برای همگان مشهود خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Documenting and sharing knowledge in university science and technology parks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Sarvari 1
  • Mohammad zerehsaz 2
  • Mohammad Hassanzadeh 3
  • Somaye sadat akhshik 2
1 PhD. Student, Deprtment of Knowledge and Information Science, Kharazmi University.
2 Deprtment of Knowledge and Information Science, Kharazmi University.
3 Professor, Department of knowledge and Information Science, Faculty of management and Economics,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Purpose: In this research, an attempt is made to explain the paradigm models that outline the conditions, as well as the effective and interfering factors, for providing documentation services and facilitating knowledge sharing in knowledge-based companies within science and technology parks, based on the experts' points of view.
Methodology: The qualitative research method is based on a data-based theory approach. The qualitative data collection tool employed semi-structured interviews, and a purposeful sampling method with a theoretical approach was used. In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 knowledge management specialists and senior managers of science and technology parks. The criterion for qualitative data analysis was based on the systematic design of data-based theory. Therefore, after conducting the interviews, the transcripts were analyzed in five steps using open, axial, and selective coding methods.
Findings: In open coding, 242 codes were identified for the two concepts of documentation and knowledge sharing. Then, axial coding was performed based on the paradigm model, and two models were drawn for these two concepts. Based on this, the elements, process barriers, and guidelines for documenting and sharing knowledge were chosen as the central categories.
Conclusion: In general, in the current research, various strategies for the implementation of documentation and knowledge sharing systems were proposed by the experts. Among these strategies are designing a crowdsourcing platform and system, defining the roles and responsibilities of specialized human resources, defining implementation methods, personalizing interactions in work groups and social networks, and operationalizing the knowledge cycle. The knowledge cycle includes knowledge coding, identifying knowledge areas, identifying knowledge experts, understanding, processing, auditing, organizing, storing, accessing, and rearranging knowledge. Furthermore, to operationalize knowledge sharing, one should seek to create a reliable space and form specialized and technical colonies and networks. In addition, criteria should be defined to determine the levels of access to information for cooperating and competing companies, and a detailed evaluation of this process should be conducted. The definition of a reliable legal system can also guarantee the necessary executive enforcement for the success of this system. It is necessary to formulate policies and adopt a principled strategy in the field of implementing documentation and knowledge sharing systems at various levels, including the national level (Ministry of Science), the level of science and technology parks, and the level of knowledge-based companies. If these actions are carried out precisely, the positive results of these policies will be visible to everyone

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Knowledge - based companies
  • knowledge management
  • knowledge documentation
  • knowledge sharing
  • science and technology parks

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علوم و فنون مدیریت اطلاعات
دوره 11، شماره 4
دی 1404
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