ارائه مدل روابط علّی شاخص‌های زنجیره تأمین لارج با استفاده از روش دیمتل سلسله مراتبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده اقتصاد مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، دانشکده مهندسی کامپیوتر، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

هدف: برای رقابت در محیط جهانی، استفاده هم‌زمان از چهار پارادایم ناب، چابک، تاب‌آور و سبز که هریک مزایایی را برای مدیریت زنجیره تأمین به‌همراه دارند، می‌تواند موجب دستیابی به مزیت رقابتی برای سازمان‌ها گردد. اما باید توجه داشت که به‌دلیل وجود اشتراکات و تضادهایی که این پارادایم‌ها با هم دارند، ادغام همزمان اقدامات(شاخص‌های) آنها در فرآیندهای زنجیره تأمین، چالش‌های مدیریتی قابل توجهی در این زمینه ایجاد خواهد کرد. هر چند این موضوع در برخی تحقیقات مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، اما همچنان شکاف های پژوهشی در آن قابل ردیابی است. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل روابط علّی میان مجموعه شاخص‌ها به‌عنوان مبنایی جهت برنامه‌ریزی مناسب و بکارگیری مرحله به مرحله آنها می‌باشد.



روش‌شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی بوده و از نظر هدف نیز کاربردی می‌باشد. جامعه پژوهش، کارشناسان و مدیران صنعت فولاد آلیاژی ایران-یزد در بخش‌های مرتبط با پژوهش در سال 1401-1400 هستند که از این میان خبرگان پژوهش با استفاده از نمونه‌‌گیری هدفمند قضاوتی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها شامل دو پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته است. پرسشنامه اول جهت تأیید شاخص‌ها و پرسشنامه دوم (پرسشنامه روش دیمتل سلسله‌مراتبی)، برای تعیین روابط علّی میان شاخص‌‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای بررسی روایی ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها نیز از شیوه روایی محتوا بهره‌گیری شد. جهت تکمیل پرسشنامه روش دیمتل‌سلسله مراتبی، از خبرگان خواسته شد تا جداول مقایسات را برای دسته‌ها و همچنین شاخص‌های هر دسته براساس شدت اثرگذاری هریک از عوامل، به صورت زوجی و براساس طیف لیکرت پنج‌تایی تعیین کنند. در ادامه جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از تکنیک دیمتل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شد که روشی جدید بوده و توسعه‌یافته دیمتل کلاسیک است. این تکنیک تعداد مقایسات زوجی در مسائل با تعداد عوامل زیاد را با درنظر گرفتن ساختار سلسله مراتبی میان آنها کاهش می‌دهد. در این تکنیک جداول مقایسات با یکدیگر تلفیق شده و سوپر ماتریس تأثیر مستقیم بدست آمده و مبنای تحلیل‌ها قرار می‌گیرد.



یافته‌ها: ابتدا شاخص‌های چهار پارادایم ناب، چابک، تاب‌آور و سبز از طریق مرور پیشینه پژوهش شناسایی شده و براساس دسته‌بندی انجام شده در تحقیقات پیشین، در 10 بُعد دسته‌بندی شدند. سپس روابط علّی میان این شاخص‌ها با استفاده از روش دیمتل سلسله‌مراتبی بررسی شد. از میان مجموعه شاخص‌ها، تعداد 18 شاخص در دسته علت‌ها و بقیه شاخص‌ها در دسته معلول‌ها قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شاخص‌های بُعد دانش و تکنولوژی تأثیرگذارترین شاخص‌ها برای رسیدن به اجرای همزمان این چهار پارادایم هستند؛ که بیانگر توجه روزافزون و انکارناپذیر فرآیندهای سازمانی و تولیدی به دانش و تکنولوژی می‌باشد. براساس نتایج پژوهش، شاخص گنجاندن استراتژی در فناوری مهم‌ترین و همچنین تأثیرگذارترین شاخص بوده و رضایت مشتری تأثیرپذیرترین شاخص می‌باشد. از نظر اهمیت، پس از شاخص لحاظ کردن فناوری در استراتژی، شاخص مدیریت تأمین‌‌کنندگان و مشارکت با آنها در جایگاه دوم قرار می‌گیرد. از نظر تأثیرگذاری نیز شاخص فناوری اطلاعات سبز رتبه دوم را به خود اختصاص داده است؛ که این امر علاوه‌بر بیان اهمیت توجه به فناوری اطلاعات، اهمیت در نظر داشتن ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی را نیز نشان می‌دهد. رضایتمندی مشتری تأثیرپذیرترین شاخص درمجموعه شاخص‌های مربوط به زنجیره تأمین لارج بوده و از بسیاری از شاخص‌های دیگر تأثیر می‌پذیرد و از نظر اهمیت نیز در جایگاه هفتم قرار دارد. پس از آن ارائه محصولات جدید و کیفیت محصول در رتبه‌های بعدی تأثیرپذیری قرار دارند.



نتیجه‌گیری: تعیین روابط علّی میان شاخص‌های زنجیره تأمین لارج، به مدیران کمک می‌کند تا باتوجه به اشتراکات و تضادهایی که در اصول و عملکرد شاخص‌های این چهار پارادایم وجود دارد، منابع محدود مالی، زمانی و انسانی خود را به پیاده‌سازی شاخص‌های دارای اولویت اختصاص داده و برنامه‌ریزی مناسبی جهت پیاده‌سازی دیگر شاخص‌ها داشته باشند. همچنین استفاده از تکنیک جدید دیمتل سلسله‌مراتبی، موجب آشنایی بیشتر پژوهشگران با این روش، جهت تحلیل روابط علّی میان عوامل، در مسائل دارای عوامل زیاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting a causal relationship model of LARG supply chain indicators using the Hierarchical DEMATEL method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khadijeh Mohammadi 1
  • Seyed Mahmood Zanjirchi 2
  • Leila Mohammadi 3
1 Department of industrial management, faculty of economic management and accounting, Yazd university, Yazd, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Management Science, Yazd University, Yazd. Iran
3 Department of computer engineering. faculty of computer engineering. Yazd university. Yazd. Iran
چکیده [English]

Objectives: To compete in the global environment, the simultaneous use of four lean, agile, resilient, and green paradigms that each one has its advantages for supply chain management, can lead to competitive advantage for organizations. However, due to the shared and conflicting aspects of these paradigms, the simultaneous integration of their actions (indicators) in the supply chain processes will create considerable management challenges in this area. Although this issue has received attention in some studies, there are still research gaps that can be traced. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the causal relationships between a set of indicators as a basis for appropriate planning and their phased implementation.

Methods: The present study is descriptive-survey and also practical in terms of purpose. The research community are experts and managers of the Iran-Yazd alloy steel industry in relevant research fields in the years 2021-2020, and among them, experts were selected by purposive judgmental sampling for this research.The data collection tool consists of two self-made questionnaires. The first questionnaire was used to confirm the indicators and the second questionnaire (hierarchical DEMATEL method questionnaire) was used to determine the causal relationships between the indicators. The content validity approach was also used to examine the validity of the data collection tool. To complete the hierarchical DEMATEL questionnaire, experts were asked to complete comparison tables for each category and also the indicators of each category based on the intensity of the effect of each factor, in pairs and based on a 5-point Likert scale. For data analysis, the hierarchical DEMATEL technique was used, which is an extended method of classic DEMATEL, that by considering the hierarchical structure among factors, it reduces the number of pairwise comparisons in problems with a large number of factors. In this technique, comparison tables are integrated and a super matrix of direct impact is obtained, which forms the basis of analyzes.

Results: At first, the lean, agile, resilient and green indicators were identified through a background review and were categorized based on the categories in previous researches. Then, the causal relationships between this indicators were investigated using the hierarchical DEMATEL method. The results show that the "knowledge and technology" dimension indicators were the most influential indicators and the "Comptency" dimension indicators were the most under influence indicators. Based on the research results, the "technology inclusion in strategy" indicator is the most important and influential indicator and "customer satisfaction" is the most under influence indicator. In terms of importance, after technology inclusion in strategy indicator, supplier management and collaboration with them indicator is ranked second. Also in terms of impact, the green information technology indicator has ranked second, which, in addition to emphasizing the importance of attention to information technology, also demonstrates the importance of considering environmental considerations. Customer satisfaction is the most influential indicator in the set of LARG supply chain indicators and be affected from many other indicators. It is also ranked seventh in terms of importance. After that, the presentation of new products and product quality, in terms of be affected from the others have subsequent ranks



Conclusions: Determining causal relationships between the indicators of the LARG supply chain helps managers allocate their limited financial, temporal, and human resources to implement high-priority indicators, taking into account the shares and conflicts present in the principles and performance of these four paradigms, and have proper planning to implement other indicators. Moreover, utilizing the new technique of DEMATEL hierarchy can lead to more familiarity among researchers with this method for analyzing causal relationships among factors in issues with multiple factors.

Keywords: Supply Chain Management Paradigms, LARG Supply Chains, Competitive Advantage Gaining, Hierarchical DEMATEL Method (H- DEMATEL), Determining Causal Relationships, Steel Industry

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Supply Chain Management Paradigms
  • LARG Supply Chains
  • Competitive Advantage Gaining
  • Hierarchical DEMATEL Method (H- DEMATEL)
  • Determining Causal Relationships
  • Steel Industry

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