تحلیل و نقد جایگاه و کاربرد رویکردهای شناختی در علوم اطلاعات

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

دانشجوی دکتری علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

هدف : مقاله حاضر به تحلیل و نقد جایگاه و کاربرد رویکردهای شناختی در علوم اطلاعات می‌پردازد. همچنین افق‌های جدیدی برای انجام پژوهش شناختی در علوم اطلاعات معرفی می‌کند.
روش: این پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع مروری- تحلیلی است. از منابع علمی برای بررسی و تحلیل موضوع استفاده شده است.
یافته‌ها: رویکرد شناختی بر جریان تحقیقات و حل مسائل علوم اطلاعات موثر بوده است. حوزه بازیابی اطلاعات نسبت به سایر حوزه‌ها به نحو گسترده‌ از رویکرد شناختی تاثیر پذیرفته است. علیرغم مزایا و نتایج موثری که رویکرد شناختی کلاسیک در پژوهش‌های اطلاعات داشت، ولی با انتقاداتی روبرو شد. این انتقادات به ظهور رویکرد شناختی- اجتماعی در علوم اطلاعات منجر شد. در این رویکرد بافت و شرایط اجتماعی کاربر در تعامل با سیستم اطلاعاتی اهمیت یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: علوم اطلاعات نیازمند چهارچوب های نظری یکپارچه است که بتواند عناصر رویکرد اجتماعی و نیز شناختی را باهم در جهت حل مسائل تحقیق خود بکار گیرد. رویکرد شناختی می تواند برای مطالعه مفاهیم و فرایندهای متعددی که در توزیع اطلاعات، پخش و انتقال آن حیاتی هستند، مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین مهم است که استفاده از علوم شناختی به حوزه‌های دیگر علوم اطلاعات گسترش یابد و دامنه مطالعات چند بعدی توسعه یابد.
کلیدواژه ها: علوم شناختی، علوم اطلاعات، بازیابی اطلاعات، رویکرد شناختی- اجتماعی، بافت، بازیابی اطلاعات، جستجوی اطلاعات، سازماندهی دانش.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis and criticism of the status and application of cognitive approaches In information sciences

چکیده [English]

Purpose: This article analyzes and critiques the position and application of cognitive approaches in information science. It also introduces new horizons of cognitive research in information science.
Method: this research is descriptive and based on review-analytical type. For review and analyses of topic have been used scientific resources.
Findings: cognitive approach has been effective on research flow and resolve problems of information science. Compared with others areas, Information retrieval widely has influenced by cognitive approach. Despite advantages and effective results of classical cognitive approach have in information research, but were met with criticisms. These criticisms resulted in emergence of social-cognitive approach in information science. In this approach, context and social conditions of user is important in interaction with information system.
Conclusion: information science needs integrated theoretical frameworks in order to be able used together social and also cognitive approach elements to resolve their research problems. Cognitive approach can be used for study of concepts and multiple processes that are crucial in information dissemination, distribution and transmission. It is also important that the use of cognitive approach spread to others areas of information science and expand the scope of multidimensional studies.
Keywords: cognitive science, information science, social-cognitive approach, context, information retrieval, information seeking, knowledge organization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "cognitive science"
  • "information science"
  • "social-cognitive approach"
  • "information retrieval"

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